Johnson峰的部落格

C#媒體影音--如何啟動攝影機並錄影

Abstract

This experimental code shows how to use DirectShow with .NET and C#. This includes simple media playback, playing DVD discs, capturing video streams to disk and a sample picture grabber.

Note, this article doesn't save you from reading the detailed DirectShow SDK documentation! I will not explain DirectShow, only some of the used .NET Interop technologies!

DirectShow

DirectShow is a standardized Microsoft Win32 API to use any compliant movie or video device from your application. DirectShow is available with the current DirectX version 8.1(b) for Windows 98/ME/2000 and included in XP. Please install the latest version, this article doesn't support anything except 8.1 :

• DirectX download

Again, I will not describe any DirectShow interfaces, you have to know them by installing the SDK for C++, reading the SDK documentation and understanding the SDK samples!

• DirectX SDK on MSDN
• DirectShow documentation on MSDN

DirectShow is exposed as COM components and interfaces, at these two 'levels':

• DirectShow custom interfaces - mainly for C++ programmers.
• DirectShow VB components - designed for VB6, provides a type library.

You can use the DirectShow playback components for VB6 with .NET, as described in this CodeProject article: DirectShow MediaPlayer in C# (Daniel Strigl)

.NET Interop

While using the VB6 components with the provided type library is easy with .NET, there is no direct way to access the custom DirectShow interfaces. We have to use Interop with one of this approaches:

• Use 'Managed Extensions for C++', as done e.g. by DirectX.NET
• Rewrite all the interfaces from IDL to e.g. C# !

I chose the second strategy for this reasons :

• Uses only one (managed) language (C#)
• Most DirectShow interfaces are not very complex
• DirectShow methods for simple playback/capturing are not time-critical
• We can directly use the (documented) interfaces without limitations, no 'wrapper classes'

Sure, this has some drawbacks:

• Much of initial work for rewriting the interfaces
• You have to understand Interop to use it correctly
• Not very .NET/OO-like

One typical rewrite of an IDL interface in C# looks like this :

// ======== IDL of ICaptureGraphBuilder2 (AXExtend.idl) ======
[
    object,
    uuid(93E5A4E0-2D50-11d2-ABFA-00A0C9C6E38D),
    pointer_default(unique)
]
interface ICaptureGraphBuilder2 : IUnknown {
    // Use this filtergraph
    HRESULT SetFiltergraph( [in] IGraphBuilder *pfg );
    // what filtergraph are you using?
    // *ppfg->Release() when you're done with it
    HRESULT GetFiltergraph( [out] IGraphBuilder **ppfg);
    ....

... using Interop attributes with C# will be translated to :

// ======== C# version of ICaptureGraphBuilder2 (DsExtend.cs) ======
   [ComVisible(true), ComImport,
    Guid("93E5A4E0-2D50-11d2-ABFA-00A0C9C6E38D"),
    InterfaceType( ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown )]
public interface ICaptureGraphBuilder2
{
        [PreserveSig]
   int SetFiltergraph( [In] IGraphBuilder pfg );
        [PreserveSig]
   int GetFiltergraph( [Out] out IGraphBuilder ppfg );
   ....

Once we have all this interface definitions in C#, we can start calling DirectShow just like we did in C++:

// ======== C++ code to create the COM instance of Filter Graph ========
    JIF(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_FilterGraph, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, 
                         IID_IGraphBuilder, (void **)&pGB));
    // Have the graph builder construct its the 
    // appropriate graph automatically
    JIF(pGB->RenderFile(wFile, NULL));
    // QueryInterface for DirectShow interfaces
    JIF(pGB->QueryInterface(IID_IMediaControl, (void **)&pMC));
    ....

... we replace CoCreateInstance with Activator.CreateInstance, and QueryInterface just is a simple cast in C#:

// ======== C# code to create the COM instance of Filter Graph ========
    Type comtype = null;
    object comobj = null;
    try {
        comtype = Type.GetTypeFromCLSID( Clsid.FilterGraph );
        if( comtype == null )
            throw new NotSupportedException( 
                "DirectX (8.1 or higher) not installed?" );
        comobj = Activator.CreateInstance( comtype );
        graphBuilder = (IGraphBuilder) comobj; comobj = null;
        int hr = graphBuilder.RenderFile( clipFile, null );
        if( hr < 0 )
            Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR( hr );
        mediaCtrl    = (IMediaControl)  graphBuilder;
     ....

Projects Structure

The download contains all this C# source code:

\DirectShow\
     \DShowNET\              // the DirectShow interface definitions :
              \DsBugWO.cs      // workaround for a bug 
              \DsControl.cs    // ported from control.odl 
              \DsCore.cs       // ported from axcore.idl 
              \DsDevice.cs     // device enumerator, helper functions 
              \DsDVD.cs        // DVD interfaces from dvdif.idl 
              \DsExtend.cs     // ported from axextend.idl 
              \DsUtils.cs      // utility classes, SDK Common sources 
              \DsUuids.cs      // UUIDs and CLSIDs from uuids.h 
              \QEdit.cs        // grabber interfaces from qedit.idl 
     \CaptureNET\            // video stream capture sample 
     \DVDPlayerNET\          // DVD player sample 
     \PlayWndNET\            // simple media file playback 
     \SampleGrabberNET\      // picture grabber

Playback

The first sample included in the download is PlayWndNET. It plays the known video and audio file formats of DirectShow like avi, mpg, wav, mid etc.

DVD Player

For the next sample, DVDPlayerNET you must have a third-party DVD codec installed, like WinDVD or PowerDVD. Then, the C# sample uses the DirectShow DVD interfaces to watch the movie. It also supports menu navigation.

Grab Picture

The most complex sample provided is SampleGrabberNET. It shows a live video stream from a capture device like DV cam, web cam or TV card in a preview window. By pressing the 'Grab' toolbar-button, you can capture a still picture to a 24-Bit RGB bitmap file!

The sample also supports the IAMTVTuner interface of a TV card, so you can switch the TV tuner channel.

Capturing

The last sample, CaptureNET can be used to capture a live video stream to disk. Note, the few settings can only be done once at startup, and writing to the AVI file starts immediately.

Limitations

• EXPERIMENTAL! don't use it in production quality code.
• The samples only provide partial and very basic functionality.
• I did most tests on Windows XP and few on Windows ME.
• Tested only on a very limited set of devices with only few media formats.
  I used a Logitech QuickCam, Sony DV camcorder, Hauppauge WinTV PCI and WinDVD.
• Get the latest driver (WDM) from manufacturer.
• Some devices fail if you select unsupported settings in the dialogs.
• This code will NOT help to solve any DirectShow/WDM configuration problems.
• Get >128MB RAM, >400MHz CPU, fast & huge harddisk. 

License

This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under A Public Domain dedication

文章來源：http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/2615/DirectSho...

陳鍾誠 (2011年12月27日)，(網頁標題) 如何啟動攝影機並錄影，(網站標題) 免費電子書：C# 程式設計，2011年12月27日，取自 http://cs0.wikidot.com/camera ，網頁修改第 0 版。